@TechReport{ AI2002,
	author = "John~L. Adams and Avril~J. Smith",
	title = "{A New QoS Mechanism for Mass-Market Broadband}",
	type = "British Telecom Contribution",
	number = "D184, Q4, SG13",
	month = jan,
	year = "2002",
	institution = "ITU-T",
	address = "Geneva/Switzerland",
	language = "english"
}

@TechReport{ AS2001,
	author = "Avril~J. Smith and John~L. Adams",
	title = "{Packet Discard Control for Broadband Services}",
	number = "EP 01 30 5209",
	numpages = "65",
	month = jun,
	year = "2002",
	institution = "British Telecom",
	language = "english",
	url = "https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.13.927&rep=rep1&type=pdf",
	url.size = "822072",
	url.md5 = "b46e9a2fad370358756adbafa7230199",
	url.mime = "application/pdf",
	url.pagesize = "595 x 842 pts (A4)",
	url.checked = "2014-04-02 17:28:56 CEST"
}

@TechReport{ draft-adams-qos-broadband,
	author = "John~L. Adams and Avril~J. Smith",
	title = "{A New QoS Mechanism for Mass-Market Broadband}",
	type = "Internet Draft",
	number = "draft-adams-qos-broadband-00",
	day = "20",
	month = dec,
	year = "2001",
	institution = "IETF, Individual Submission",
	language = "english",
	abstract = "{This document describes a proposal which deals with congestion conditions that may arise when a home or SME customer requests too many simultaneous flows to be forwarded down a DSL link or other access technology. It provides a solution to guaranteeing certain flows while making others~(typically the latest or another flow selected for policy reasons) the subject of focused packet discards. It has a number of significant benefits over other possible solutions, such as classical RSVP, and these are also listed in the document.}",
	url = "https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-adams-qos-broadband-00.txt",
	url.size = "30148",
	url.md5 = "bc1aa9e7e0a060b9806b73155ec8f46e",
	url.mime = "text/plain",
	url.checked = "2021-11-24 10:20:04 CET"
}

@TechReport{ draft-dreibholz-ipv4-flowlabel,
	author = "Thomas Dreibholz",
	title = "{An IPv4 Flowlabel Option}",
	type = "Internet Draft",
	number = "draft-dreibholz-ipv4-flowlabel-43",
	day = "12",
	month = apr,
	year = "2026",
	institution = "IETF, Individual Submission",
	language = "english",
	abstract = "{This draft defines an IPv4 option containing a flowlabel that is compatible to IPv6. It is required for simplified usage of IntServ and interoperability with IPv6.}",
	url = "https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-dreibholz-ipv4-flowlabel-43.txt",
	url.size = "18736",
	url.md5 = "2a8588a73303ea5e33aeb994ffedb438",
	url.mime = "text/plain",
	url.checked = "2026-05-26 23:02:58 CEST"
}

@MastersThesis{ Dre2001,
	author = "Thomas Dreibholz",
	title = "{Management of Layered Variable Bitrate Multimedia Streams over DiffServ with Apriori Knowledge}",
	type = "Masters Thesis",
	numpages = "204",
	day = "20",
	month = feb,
	year = "2001",
	school = "University of Bonn, Institute for Computer Science",
	language = "english",
	urn = "urn:nbn:de:hbz:464-20120416-095753-8",
	keywords = "Multimedia, Quality of Service, Layered Transmission, DiffServ, A Priori Knowledge",
	abstract = "{The Internet is developing with a very high speed. Just a few years ago, its main applications were file transfer and e-mail access, all based on the best effort TCP/IP service over quite slow links. With the quickly growing deployment of high-speed Internet accesses, there is a growing demand for also using the Internet in application scenarios like real-time multimedia streaming, particularly for audio and video on demand services. However, such multimedia applications do not only require sufficient bandwidth. They have stricter quality of service demands, like e.g.\ an upper bound on the transfer delay to ensure interactivity for their users.
In the context of this thesis, a system for the cost-efficient transfer of variable bitrate multimedia streams over Differentiated Services~(DiffServ) is presented and evaluated. This system supports layered transmission, i.e.\ streams may be partitioned into sub-streams denoted as layers (e.g.\ a video layer and an audio layer). Distinct layers may have different priorities as well as quality of service requirements and may therefore use different DiffServ classes for data transmission. Also, the streams may be scalable, i.e.\ the quality of the transferred media may be decreased in order to reduce the bandwidth requirements when bandwidth becomes scarce. Particularly, the system makes use of the fact that media files in e.g.\ a video on demand library can be analyzed a priorily. The information that is computed during the offline analysis is used to realize a dynamic and cost-efficient transport of layer data over different DiffServ classes. Furthermore, the system applies an adaptive buffering to smooth the flows -- in order to save bandwidth -- while also taking care of the delay constraints.}",
	url = "https://www.nntb.no/~dreibh/diplom/Dre2001.pdf",
	url.size = "62044170",
	url.md5 = "479cc723184d88dbce6864ab93f9b6c0",
	url.mime = "application/pdf",
	url.pagesize = "595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4)",
	url.checked = "2026-04-19 12:08:55 CEST"
}

@TechReport{ DSV00,
	author = "Thomas Dreibholz and Jan Selzer and Simon Vey",
	title = "{Echtzeit-Audioübertragung mit QoS-Management in einem DiffServ-Szenario}",
	type = "Projektseminararbeit",
	numpages = "171",
	day = "14",
	month = aug,
	year = "2000",
	institution = "Universität Bonn, Institut für Informatik",
	language = "german",
	keywords = "Quality of Service~(QoS), Real-Time, Audio, DiffServ, RTP Audio",
	url = "https://www.nntb.no/~dreibh/rn/DSV00.pdf",
	url.size = "4425350",
	url.md5 = "9aed1f5be5c1badcd41efe3e414614c0",
	url.mime = "application/pdf",
	url.pagesize = "612 x 792 pts (letter)",
	url.checked = "2014-04-02 17:29:08 CEST"
}

@InProceedings{ FGCN2008,
	author = "Wenyu Zhu and Thomas Dreibholz and Erwin Paul Rathgeb and Xing Zhou",
	title = "{A Scalable QoS Device for Broadband Access to Multimedia Services}",
	booktitle = "{Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Future Generation Communication and Networking~(FGCN)}",
	volume = "1",
	pages = "343--348",
	numpages = "6",
	day = "13",
	month = dec,
	year = "2008",
	address = "Sanya, Hainan/People's Republic of China",
	language = "english",
	isbn = "978-0-7695-3431-2",
	doi = "10.1109/FGCN.2008.124",
	keywords = "Quality of Service~(QoS), Broadband Internet, Flow Routing, Multimedia, Intelligent Packet Discard",
	abstract = "{This paper presents the performance evaluation of a novel network device being located in network edge nodes. It provides a solution for relaxed QoS guarantees to certain flows on a congested link by focussing packet discard on selected flows. However, unlike IntServ solutions -- e.g.\ RSVP -- our approach only requires minimal signalling and therefore provides both efficiency and scalability.
In this paper, we first describe the ideas of our QoS device and then provide a simulative performance analysis for different multimedia flow scenarios.}",
	url = "https://web.archive.org/web/20260420112909/https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/FlowRouting/Paper/FGCN2008.pdf",
	url.size = "520560",
	url.md5 = "4aeb2680d2d15cb85f53961ff16c707c",
	url.mime = "application/pdf",
	url.pagesize = "595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4)",
	url.checked = "2014-04-02 17:08:19 CEST"
}

@InProceedings{ HETNET2004,
	author = "Thomas Dreibholz and Avril~J. IJsselmuiden and John~L. Adams",
	title = "{Simulation of an Advanced QoS Protocol for Mass Content}",
	booktitle = "{Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Performance Modelling and Evaluation of Heterogeneous Networks~(HET-NETs)}",
	numpages = "7",
	day = "26",
	month = jul,
	year = "2004",
	address = "Ikley, West Yorkshire/United Kingdom",
	language = "english",
	keywords = "Quality of Service~(QoS), Signalling Protocols, Telecommunication Congestion Control, Telecommunication Traffic",
	abstract = "{This paper describes a new network device to be located in network edge nodes. The device can deal with congestion conditions that may arise when, for example, a home or SME customer requests too many simultaneous flows to be forwarded down a DSL link or other access technology. It provides a solution to guaranteeing certain flows that are forwarded along one or more congested links, by making others (typically the latest flow, or another flow selected because of policy reasons), the subject of focused packet discards. The functionality of the device is described, and results from a fast-track simulation model implementing a lightweight version of the device, developed in LISP, are presented here.}",
	url = "https://web.archive.org/web/20260420112909/https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/FlowRouting/Paper/HET-NET2004-Paper.pdf",
	url.size = "253420",
	url.md5 = "1e3573935ab2e0b86e9d3288dbc7109d",
	url.mime = "application/pdf",
	url.pagesize = "595 x 842 pts (A4)",
	url.checked = "2014-04-02 17:08:16 CEST"
}

@TechReport{ IA2003,
	author = "Avril~J. Smith and John~L. Adams",
	title = "{Delivering QoS from Remote Content Providers}",
	type = "British Telecom Contribution",
	number = "TISPAN 01(03)TD132",
	month = sep,
	year = "2003",
	institution = "ETSI",
	address = "Sophia-Antipolis/France",
	language = "english"
}

@TechReport{ IA2004a,
	author = "Avril~J. Smith and John~L. Adams",
	title = "{Delivery of Assured QoS Content in NGNs}",
	type = "British Telecom Contribution",
	number = "D-,Q4,6,10,11,16,SG13",
	month = feb,
	year = "2004",
	institution = "ITU-T",
	address = "Geneva/Switzerland",
	language = "english"
}

@TechReport{ IA2004b,
	author = "Avril~J. Smith and John~L. Adams",
	title = "{Proposal for a New IP Transfer Capability and Future QoS Studies}",
	number = "D-,Q4,6,10,11,16,SG13",
	month = feb,
	year = "2004",
	institution = "ITU-T",
	address = "Geneva/Switzerland",
	language = "english"
}

@TechReport{ IA2004,
	author = "Avril~J. Smith and John~L. Adams",
	title = "{Description of the QoS device}",
	type = "Contribution",
	month = dec,
	year = "2004",
	institution = "ITU-T",
	address = "Geneva/Switzerland",
	language = "english"
}

@InProceedings{ ICT2003,
	author = "Thomas Dreibholz and Avril~J. Smith and John~L. Adams",
	title = "{Realizing a Scalable Edge Device to Meet QoS Requirements for Real-Time Content Delivered to IP Broadband Customers}",
	booktitle = "{Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications~(ICT)}",
	volume = "2",
	pages = "1133--1139",
	numpages = "7",
	day = "26",
	month = feb,
	year = "2003",
	address = "Papeete/French Polynesia",
	language = "english",
	isbn = "0-7803-7661-7",
	doi = "10.1109/ICTEL.2003.1191595",
	keywords = "Quality of Service~(QoS), Bandwidth Guarantee, Admission Control, Congestion Control, Intelligent Packet Dropping, Edge Node, Security, Implementation Considerations",
	abstract = "{With DSL technology becoming widespread, more and more customers have access to high-speed Internet backbones. Such links not only speed up classical best effort applications but also make new applications like video and audio on demand possible. Unlike best effort applications, these new applications have more requirements for network quality of service, especially an assured bandwidth.
Under the assumption that the link to the customer is the main bottleneck, this paper presents a new simple, scalable edge node approach that has been developed in a cooperation between the University of Essen and British Telecom~(BT). It provides a solution to guaranteeing certain flows, while making others the subject of focused packet discards. While the performance aspect of this new device is currently under research, this paper lays its focus on implementability and especially provides a security concept.}",
	url = "https://web.archive.org/web/20260420112909/https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/FlowRouting/Paper/EdgeDevice-Paper.pdf",
	url.size = "114142",
	url.md5 = "7c37d41dd417062ba4fd17063d846939",
	url.mime = "application/pdf",
	url.pagesize = "595 x 842 pts (A4)",
	url.checked = "2014-04-02 17:08:16 CEST"
}

@Article{ IJMUE2009,
	author = "Wenyu Zhu and Thomas Dreibholz and Erwin Paul Rathgeb and Xing Zhou",
	title = "{A Scalable QoS Device for Broadband Access to Multimedia Services}",
	journal = "{SERSC International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering~(IJMUE)}",
	volume = "4",
	number = "2",
	pages = "157--172",
	numpages = "16",
	day = "30",
	month = apr,
	year = "2009",
	language = "english",
	issn = "1975-0080",
	keywords = "Quality of Service~(QoS), Broadband Internet, Flow Routing, Multimedia, Intelligent Packet Discard",
	abstract = "{Nowadays, an increasing number of users gets high-speed broadband access to the Internet. These broadband connections make new multimedia applications possible. However, such applications also introduce new Quality of Service~(QoS) requirements to the network. Particularly, they require an assured bandwidth even in the case of network overload. The network itself has to provide such bandwidth assurances.
This article introduces our concept of a novel network QoS device being located in network edge nodes. It provides a solution for relaxed QoS guarantees to certain flows on a congested link by focussing packet discard on selected flows. However, unlike for IntServ solutions like RSVP, our approach only requires minimal signalling and therefore provides both efficiency and scalability. We furthermore provide a quantitative performance evaluation of our QoS device by using simulations.}",
	url = "https://gvpress.com/journals/IJMUE/vol4_no2/14.pdf",
	url.size = "1106252",
	url.md5 = "3a8837e5ef699ddff971bcdfbf98b84b",
	url.mime = "application/pdf",
	url.pagesize = "595.22 x 842 pts (A4)",
	url.checked = "2014-04-02 17:08:22 CEST"
}

@InProceedings{ LCN2005-EdgeDevice,
	author = "Thomas Dreibholz and Avril~J. IJsselmuiden and John~L. Adams",
	title = "{An Advanced QoS Protocol for Mass Content}",
	booktitle = "{Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks~(LCN) 30th Anniversary}",
	pages = "517--518",
	numpages = "2",
	day = "17",
	month = nov,
	year = "2005",
	address = "Sydney, New South Wales/Australia",
	language = "english",
	isbn = "0-7695-2421-4",
	doi = "10.1109/LCN.2005.25",
	keywords = "Quality of Service~(QoS), Signalling Protocols, Telecommunication Congestion Control, Telecommunication Traffic",
	abstract = "{This paper presents a novel network device being located in network edge nodes. It provides a solution for QoS guarantees to certain flows on a congested link by focussing packet discard on selected flows. Unlike IntServ solutions like RSVP, our approach only requires minimal signalling and provides both efficiency and scalability.
In this paper, we first describe the ideas of our QoS device and then provide first results from a fast-track simulation model implementing a lightweight version of our approach.}",
	url = "https://web.archive.org/web/20260420112909/https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/FlowRouting/Paper/LCN2005-EdgeDevice.pdf",
	url.size = "115300",
	url.md5 = "081882106105904aa7f496def9022c4e",
	url.mime = "application/pdf",
	url.pagesize = "612 x 792 pts (letter)",
	url.checked = "2014-04-02 17:08:17 CEST"
}

@InProceedings{ LCN2008-EdgeDevice,
	author = "Wenyu Zhu and Thomas Dreibholz and Erwin Paul Rathgeb",
	title = "{Analysis and Evaluation of a Scalable QoS Device for Broadband Access to Multimedia Services}",
	booktitle = "{Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks~(LCN)}",
	pages = "504--505",
	numpages = "2",
	day = "15",
	month = oct,
	year = "2008",
	address = "Montr{\'e}al, Qu{\'e}bec/Canada",
	language = "english",
	isbn = "978-1-4244-2413-9",
	doi = "10.1109/LCN.2008.4664212",
	keywords = "Quality of Service~(QoS), Broadband Internet, Flow Routing, Multimedia, Intelligent Packet Discard",
	abstract = "{This paper presents the initial evaluation of a novel network device being located in edge nodes. It provides relaxed QoS guarantees to certain flows on a congested link by focussing packet discard on selected flows. In contrast to classical IntServ solutions, our approach requires minimal signalling and therefore provides both efficiency and scalability. In this paper, we first describe the ideas of our QoS device and then provide first results of our ongoing simulative performance evaluation and optimization.}",
	url = "https://web.archive.org/web/20260420112909/https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/FlowRouting/Paper/LCN2008-FlowRouting.pdf",
	url.size = "168995",
	url.md5 = "4b24ce40f15989ca57ccb44bdbdf4d82",
	url.mime = "application/pdf",
	url.pagesize = "595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4)",
	url.checked = "2014-04-02 17:08:19 CEST"
}